Sustainable Metal Powder Utilization in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Sustainable Metal Powder Utilization in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Project time: 2017 – 2018

Budget: 714 000 kronor

Funding: SIP Produktion2030

This project intends to design and develop a new test methodology for evaluation of power flowability in powder bed fusion (PBF) systems. The test apparatus will simulate powder flow in PBF machines and can be used for optimizing the powder layering behavior for potential utilization of alternative powder qualities. Additionally, this equipment creates opportunities for both powder producers and AM part manufacturers to minimize powder waste and maximize material utilization.

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic components with powder bed fusion (PBF) technology is considered to be highly resource and material efficient. However, there are major shortcomings in the utilization of produced powders, largely due to the lack of characterization methods which are relevant to the function of metal-based machines.

Currently, a test apparatus which is capable of simulating the flow conditions in powder bed systems is not available. Consequently, the relation between powder characteristics and its flowability in PBF systems is not well understood. For this reason, existing PBF systems can only process powders within a narrow specification. As a result, powder manufacturers are restricted to utilize a small fraction of their overall production tonnage and, in spite of all the rigorous measures taken, it is not uncommon to find a batch of powder that has to be re-melted or disposed, simply because it does not fulfill the flowability requirements of current PBF machines.

Another source of material waste is re-circulated powder in PBF machines. Re-circulation alters powder flowability. Due to absence of a relevant testing principle the extent of change cannot be monitored. Hence, to avoid any potential risks, AM part producers tend to discard re-circulated powder prematurely.

The aim of this project is to design and develop a test apparatus for evaluation of powder layering performance. This tool can be used for optimizing the powder layer propagation behavior in powder bed AM, for potential utilization of alternative powder qualities. Additionally, this equipment creates opportunities for both powder producers and AM part manufacturers to minimize powder waste and maximize material utilization.

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